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Презентация на тему Cultural control of pests

IntroductionAs we learned earlier agroecosytems are an artificial ecosystem set up by men to produce food and fiber for human use.Crop production alters the space that was previously taken up by a natural ecosystem.By doing so
Cultural control of pests HORT378Integrated Insect and Disease Management IntroductionAs we learned earlier agroecosytems are an artificial ecosystem set up by IntroductionThe crop species that replaces the natural species usually requires high-energy inputs such as:TillageFertilizersCultivationIrrigation IntroductionThese introduced agricultural practices are designed to create a favorable environment for IntroductionOne of the overarching agronomic techniques that is used in crop protection Cultural ControlReducing favorable conditions for pests by using, for the most part, Field sanitationField sanitation is one the most basic methods in reducing pest Crop residue destruction and utilizationThis method either destroys or removes the crop Crop residue destruction and utilizationPlowing/tillagePreparing the seedbed for planting and weed controlMethod Crop residue destruction and utilizationShredding/choppingReduces crop residues to smaller pieces so insect Crop rotationIt is a technique that controls pests in one crop while Crop rotationOne of the most common crop rotation methods that is used Crop rotationWith a 2 –year crop rotation schedule of corn followed by Cover cropsA cover crop is a plant that is seeded to cover Cover cropSome cover crops acts as bio-fumigants.When the cover crop is incorporated Cover crops The root knot nematode is a very small unsegment worm Cover crop Cover crops
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Introduction
As we learned earlier agroecosytems are an artificial

IntroductionAs we learned earlier agroecosytems are an artificial ecosystem set up

ecosystem set up by men to produce food and

fiber for human use.
Crop production alters the space that was previously taken up by a natural ecosystem.
By doing so it modifies the soil, water and even the topography of the land.

Слайд 3 Introduction
The crop species that replaces the natural species

IntroductionThe crop species that replaces the natural species usually requires high-energy inputs such as:TillageFertilizersCultivationIrrigation

usually requires high-energy inputs such as:
Tillage
Fertilizers
Cultivation
Irrigation


Слайд 4 Introduction
These introduced agricultural practices are designed to create

IntroductionThese introduced agricultural practices are designed to create a favorable environment

a favorable environment for the desired crop species.
While setting

up these favorable environmental conditions for a crop man is also setting up conditions for pests to invade the crop.

Слайд 5 Introduction
One of the overarching agronomic techniques that is

IntroductionOne of the overarching agronomic techniques that is used in crop

used in crop protection is the concept that is

called cultural control.
Cultural control is defined as: “purposeful manipulation of the environment to reduce rates of pest increase and damage.”

Слайд 6 Cultural Control
Reducing favorable conditions for pests by using,

Cultural ControlReducing favorable conditions for pests by using, for the most

for the most part, involves manipulating the crop residues

( materials left in the field after harvest) and crop plantings.
The two main methods that are used in this regard is: field sanitation and crop rotation.

Слайд 7 Field sanitation
Field sanitation is one the most basic

Field sanitationField sanitation is one the most basic methods in reducing

methods in reducing pest species while at the same

time, in most cases, preparing the field for next the planting season.

Слайд 8 Crop residue destruction and utilization
This method either destroys

Crop residue destruction and utilizationThis method either destroys or removes the

or removes the crop residues and therefore reduces or

eliminates overwintering sites for pests to survive in.

Слайд 9 Crop residue destruction and utilization
Plowing/tillage
Preparing the seedbed for

Crop residue destruction and utilizationPlowing/tillagePreparing the seedbed for planting and weed

planting and weed control
Method of choice (most commonly used)

for the elimination of crop residues for harboring pests.
Burning
Used to destroy plant material around the borders of fields in the fall.
Reduce crop residues

Слайд 10 Crop residue destruction and utilization
Shredding/chopping
Reduces crop residues to

Crop residue destruction and utilizationShredding/choppingReduces crop residues to smaller pieces so

smaller pieces so insect pests cannot get established in

them
Destroys pest that may already be in the crop residues
Weed removal or destruction
Around greenhouses and grain storage bins

Слайд 11 Crop rotation
It is a technique that controls pests

Crop rotationIt is a technique that controls pests in one crop

in one crop while it is not a pest

in another.
The practice of crop rotation came about as a method to improve soil workability and fertility.
It is the practice of planting two or more crops in some sort of sequence in the same field that changes from year to year.

Слайд 12 Crop rotation
One of the most common crop rotation

Crop rotationOne of the most common crop rotation methods that is

methods that is used here in the Mid-West is

the corn/soybean rotation.
This helps control the pest corn rootworm.
This pest, while in the larvae stage, exclusively eats the roots of developing and growing corn plants.

Слайд 13 Crop rotation
With a 2 –year crop rotation schedule

Crop rotationWith a 2 –year crop rotation schedule of corn followed

of corn followed by soybean it has virtually eliminated

the corn root worm problem.
When soybeans are planted the corn rootworm cannot survive, because its food source has been removed.

Слайд 14 Cover crops
A cover crop is a plant that

Cover cropsA cover crop is a plant that is seeded to

is seeded to cover the ground from one season

to the next.
It protects the soil from erosion.
Source of organic material for the next cropping season when worked into soil.
Controls the growth of winter weeds on the soil.

Слайд 15 Cover crop
Some cover crops acts as bio-fumigants.
When the

Cover cropSome cover crops acts as bio-fumigants.When the cover crop is

cover crop is incorporated into the soil and it

breaks down it may gives off substances that controls the germination of weed seeds
In some cases controls a pest called root knot nematodes.


Слайд 16 Cover crops
The root knot nematode is a

Cover crops The root knot nematode is a very small unsegment

very small unsegment worm that feeds upon the cells

of the roots and causes a large amount of scar tissue.
It greatly reduces the productivity of the plant.

Слайд 17 Cover crop

Cover crop

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