Слайд 2
Principles of consonant classification:
I. Work of the vocal
cords and the force of exhalation.
II. Active organs of
speech and the place of obstruction.
III. Manner of noise production and the type of obstruction.
(1) voice or noise prevalence,
(2) number of noise producing foci,
(3) shape of the narrowing.
IV. Position of the soft palate.
Слайд 11
Manner of noise production and the type of
obstruction
(1) complete closure, then occlusive (stop, or plosive) and
nasal consonants are produced: /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, N/.
(2) incomplete closure, then constrictive consonants are produced:
/f, v, T, D, h, s, z, S, Z, w, j, l, r/.
(3) the combination of the two closures, then occlusive-constrictive, or affricates, are produced: /tS, dZ/.