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Forms and Use
The formation of adverbs with –ly:
final – finally, slow- slowly
a) A final „y“ changes
to „i“ : happy – happily
b) A final „e“ is retained before „ly“ : extreme- extremely
Exceptions: true- truly, due – duly, whole – wholy
c) Adjectives ending in a consonant + „le“ drop the „e“ and add „y“: gentle – gently, simple – simply
The adverb of „good“ is „well“.
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Forms and Use
Adjectives ending in „ly“: daily, weekly,
monthly, kindly, leisurely can be adjectives or adverbs, but
most other adjectives ending in „ly“, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely, cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb form. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase: likely (adj.) – probably (adv.), friendly (adj) – in a friendly way (adv. Phrase)
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Forms and Use
Some adverbs have a narrower meaning
than their corresponding adjectives or differ from them.
coldly, coolly,
hotly, warmly are used mainly of feelings: We received them coldly. (in an unfriendly way)
They denied the accusation hotly. (indignantly)
She welcomed us warmly. ( in a friendly way)
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Adverbs and adjectives with the same form
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Comparative and Superlative Adverb Forms
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Position of Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency – Exceptions:
a) used
to and have to prefer the adverb in front
of them: You hardly ever have to remind him.
b) Before auxiliaries when they are used alone: Yes, I usually can.
c) hardly ever, never, rarely etc. can be put at the beginning of the sentence, but the inversion of the following main verb is necessary: Hardly ever did they manage to meet unobserved.
d) hardly ever/scarcely ever, never, rarely, seldom are not used with negative verbs