Презентация на тему “The History of Mount Rushmore Memorial”

The Mount Rushmore Monument is one of the greatest artistic endeavors in the history of the US.

“... It was decided that the individuals who best exemplified the foundation, expansion and preservation of the Republic—Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt—should be the subjects of the memorial”.

Georg Washington represents the struggle for independence

Located in Keystone, South Dakota, the monument was created in honor of the achievements of four of US past presidents

Thomas Jefferson, the idea of government by the people

Abraham Lincoln for his ideas on equality

Theodore Roosevelt for the role of US in world affairs

Mount Rushmore is named after New York City attorney Charles E. Rushmore, who came to the Black Hills in 1884 to check legal titles on properties. On returning to Pine Camp he asked Bill Challis [a local resident and guide] the name of this mountain. Bill replied, "Never had a name but from now on we'll call it Rushmore."

Do You Know?

known as the "Father
of Mount Rushmore." It

Robinson asked for an architect and sculptor Gutzon Borglum to sculpt and design the monument.

In August of 1924 he
contacted Gutzon Borglum.
In his letter Robinson
invited Borglum to visit
South Dakota and talk ove the
possibility of carving a mountain.

Borglum took Robinson up on his offer and met with him during September of 1924 and again in August of 1925.

GUTZON BORGLUM
Sculptor, Mount Rushmore 1867 - 1941

GUTZON BORGLUM

Sculptor, Mount Rushmore 1867 - 1941

During his second trip Borglum found Mount Rushmore.  
Doane Robinson's idea was a success.
Borglum decided to use Mount Rushmore to making sculpture, as it seems this is the easy part to do it.

before he started

Gutzon Borglum works on his clay model for Mount Rushmore in his studio on the Brackenridge Park Golf Course in San Antonio, Texas.

The Borglum Studio.

Borglum created a plaster model from which measurements were taken using the pointing system.

of carving began
One inch on the model represented

You will notice that more of the body and arms are shown in the original model.

is decidedly American in its conception, magnitude and meaning.

Mount Rushmore in 1905, before work began on the four faces

Over 90% of Mount Rushmore was carved using dynamite.

Dynamite blasts removed approximately 450,000 tons of rock from the mountain.

miner, a sculptor, or a rock climber, using dynamite,

Powder man John Johnson

Borglum in BOSUNTOS
CHAIR, 1930

An Artist working on Mount Rushmore

It would take another 12 years to complete this treasure that features George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.

The American Icon
Work on the famous American icon Mount Rushmore began.

Mount Rushmore Tool Survey

the United States George Washington

Going from left

first head are made. Due to economic instability United

Mount Rushmore, 1932

Mount Rushmore’s Georg

 Men working on one of the heads.

The second sculpture is of Thomas Jefferson, the author of "The Declaration of Independence" and 3rd President.

Thomas Jefferson was the next head, located to the left of Washington. Before the head was finished, Borglum ordered that the head was blown up due to poor quality stone. Chief Jefferson begins again with the right hand of Washington's position. Chief Jefferson dedicated in 1936.

Thomas Jefferson was originally positioned on Washington’s right, but this face was blown up and a new one carved between Washington and Roosevelt.

Washington and Jefferson under costruction

The fourth sculpture is of Abraham Lincoln, 16th President, and leader during the "Civil War". He helped preserve the Union, and put an end to slavery in the United States. The project continued for 14 years.

Abraham Lincoln's head is more of a challenge because of his beard, but his head has been completed at the right end of the cliff, dedicated on September 17, 1937, at the time of the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the United States in 1787.

Scaffolding around Head of Abraham Lincoln, partially sculptured during Mt. Rushmore construction

You can see Borglum in the picture of Lincoln’s head. He is in a sling below the president’s eye.

800 million pounds of rocks were excavated for the

third sculpture is of Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President, and

While Theodore Roosevelt's head is being built, accommodation for tourists was also built, including plumbing, lighting, and a visitor center. Because not find a suitable stone, the sculptor further cut into, to the mountain. This raises concerns about how much they cut. On July 2, 1939, head of Roosevelt dedicated.

The fine details of

In order to make the faces more realistic the iris of the eyes were holed and a specially designed piece of granite was kept in the center for light reflection and making the eyes look more realistic.

Mount Rushmore has grown in fame as a symbol of America - a symbol of freedom and a hope for people from all cultures and backgrounds.

Borglum died in 1941. Today many tourists come to see Mount Rushmore. It is a national memorial.