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Football fans - those who violate public order,
linking their actions with football predilections. Football hooligans themselves
perceive their movement as a subculture. As a rule, certain acts motivated by hooliganism committed before or after football matches, as well as in areas with large concentrations of football fans.
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There are manifestations of their membership of a
number of football fans:
External attributes
Particular style of conversation (football
slang)
Collective practices (leaving, chants at the games, fighting)
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History of the movement in England
Okolofutbolnye origins
of violence originate in Britain. English football is familiar
with incidents of riots by football since the XIX century. Even in those days, fans of the team and the players themselves often converged "wall to wall" after the game. However, football hooliganism in the form in which it exists to this day.
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Development
Working youth suburbs of large cities of
England, with no means of expensive entertainment, chose quite
affordable - football. Gradually it became insufficient to support the team at home games, and with the beginning of the support of their clubs at away games first emerged problems.
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At the most notorious and dangerous to society
hooligans plant of the special catalogs. Many of the
bullies were behind bars, others escaped a lifetime ban on visits to football matches. Police introduce their people to Fan Wednesday, identifying leaders and preventing the possible intersection of the warring factions in the bud.
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In the late 1970's - early 1980's internal
problem of England crossed the border and took a
pan-European scale. Quite successful game of English clubs to attract more and more Britons who wanted to watch the game of their countrymen on the road. Flagships English outbound movement became a fan of "Liverpool" , which gradually became Europeans instill his "style support of the club," including the massacre and pogroms in all cities.
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The modern stage
At the present stage of
English "okolofutbol" acquired a distinct style features of the
so-called «Casuals» (is normal). The basic principle of any English fan is invisibility, lack of club colors of dress, symbols, stands out from the mass appearance.
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Intersection of the warring factions are far from
the stadiums and in most cases stipulated in advance
online or by phone. Fans have become more mobile and alert. Ongoing actions are planned for weeks and are calculated to every detail, conducted information warfare, conducted distraction.
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History of the development of movement in the
USSR
The process of nucleation of a new country
subculture is directly related to the start of activity away a certain part of the Soviet fans clubs. The first guest to attend the game for his club in the early 1970s began to fans of "Spartacus", was soon joined by fans and other Moscow teams.
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The movement started to gain mass, and the
views of the new wave rushed toward England. Largely
due to the influence of English in the stands of stadiums Soviet football songs began to appear, and rechevki Slang,. One of the major consequences of the English influence was a sharp increase in violence among fans.
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Development
The collapse of the Soviet Union in
1991, among other things, led to the collapse of
the former Soviet infrastructure Football League.
Silence in football stadiums Russia lasted until the mid-1990s, and could drag on for a long time, if not for the fans of the two Moscow clubs: CSKA Moscow and FC "Spartak". Even before the collapse of the USSR, the fans of these clubs were the most active participants in hooligan clashes. The tremendous support from them, wherever they appear, almost always causes problems
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On a background of confrontation of the two
gangs began gradually to revive interest in fan culture
among the rest of the Russian fans
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The modern stage
At present, the Russian "okolofutbol" can
be called a mature social phenomenon with distinct features
an English-style club support both home and at away games. His gang (slang - "Company") have almost all the clubs of the Russian national football championship until the second league. The movement has a distinct character areas "Kezhuals" but with their national circumstances.
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Among Russian hooligans are very strong ideas of
Russian nationalism. In this sense, the Russian hooligan community
differs from the modern movement in the UK In addition, the national trait of Russian okolofutbol is worthy of the support team at home games.
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Religious books
• «Wherever we went," - Dougie Brimson
•
«We go '- Dougie Brimson
• «The Football Factory" -
John King
• «Team" - Dougie Brimson
• «English way" - John King
• «A Clockwork Orange" - Anthony Burgess
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Cult movies:
• Football Factory
• A Clockwork Orange
• Cage
•
Identity
• Ultra
• Bygone era
• Firm
• Green Street
• Okolofutbol