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Linking devices Position in the textThe function of linking wordsGrammatical differences
Linking Words and their functions Linking devices Position in the textThe function of linking wordsGrammatical differences Position in the textSome linking words normally form a link between clauses The function of linking wordsLinking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They Grammatical differencesSome linking words must be followed by a clause Subject + Adding  as well asbesidesMoreover,Furthermore,What is more,In addition,not only .... but alsoanother Expressing  cause /reasonbecauseassinceThis is whybecause ofDue toOwing toFor this reason,Expressing effect First (of all)At firstIn the beginningthennextBeforeAfter thatafterwardsWhenWhileduringSoonimmediatelyOnceSuddenlyAs soon asonNo sooner....thanHardly...whenFinallyEventuallyAt the endIn Expressing purposetoso as toin order thatso thatfor (Non-specific)I would say thatIn my Giving examplesfor example,for instance,For one thing,this includes,such as (for example),i.e. (that is)Summing EmphasisespeciallyparticularlyNaturally,exactly becauseabove allWhateverWhenevertoo / enoughThe more .... Write the sentence again, using the word in brackets. The meaning must Использованные источникиhttp://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gifhttps://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gifhttp://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gifhttp://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gifhttp://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gifhttp://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gifhttp://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpghttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.htmlhttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html Good luck!
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Linking devices
 

Position
in the text
The function
of linking

Linking devices Position in the textThe function of linking wordsGrammatical differences

words
Grammatical
differences


Слайд 3 Position in the text
Some linking words normally form

Position in the textSome linking words normally form a link between

a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is

bad style to start a sentence with these words:
 
and       but            so         because          then             until             such as
 
 
Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words usually followed by a comma:
 
Furthermore,     Moreover,     However,     Nevertheless,     
 Therefore,        In conclusion,


Слайд 4 The function of linking words
Linking devices are neither

The function of linking wordsLinking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs.

nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion

and illustrate how the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.

Adding extra information to the main point
contrasting ideas
expressing cause and effect
showing exactly when something happened, expressing purpose (why?) and opinion
listing examples
making conclusions and giving emphasis.


Слайд 5 Grammatical differences
Some linking words must be followed by

Grammatical differencesSome linking words must be followed by a clause Subject

a clause Subject + Verb + Object
while    why          because    although  so    whereas  when

Other linking words

should be followed by a noun
Linking word + (the) + Noun/Pronoun or gerund
    because of     despite     during       in spite of


Слайд 6 Adding
as well as
besides
Moreover,
Furthermore,
What is more,
In addition,
not only

Adding as well asbesidesMoreover,Furthermore,What is more,In addition,not only .... but alsoanother

.... but also
another point is that

Contrasting
However,
Although
In spite of
Nevertheless,
On the

contrary,
on the one hand
on the other hand,
whereas
While
In contrast,
Neither...nor

Слайд 7 Expressing cause /reason
because
as
since
This is why
because of
Due to
Owing to
For

Expressing cause /reasonbecauseassinceThis is whybecause ofDue toOwing toFor this reason,Expressing effect /resultso....thatsuch a...thatThereforeThusConsequently,As a result,too...for/tonot enough...for/to

this reason,

Expressing effect /result
so....that
such a...that
Therefore
Thus
Consequently,
As a result,
too...for/to
not enough...for/to


Слайд 8 First (of all)
At first
In the beginning
then
next
Before
After that
afterwards
When
While
during
Soon
immediately
Once
Suddenly
As soon

First (of all)At firstIn the beginningthennextBeforeAfter thatafterwardsWhenWhileduringSoonimmediatelyOnceSuddenlyAs soon asonNo sooner....thanHardly...whenFinallyEventuallyAt the

as
on
No sooner....than
Hardly...when
Finally
Eventually
At the end
In the end
At last
To begin with,
until
Narration


Слайд 9 Expressing purpose
to
so as to
in order that
so that
for (Non-specific)

I

Expressing purposetoso as toin order thatso thatfor (Non-specific)I would say thatIn

would say that
In my opinion,
I think (that)
I believe (that)
Personally
Apparently,
 
Expressing

opinion

Слайд 10 Giving examples
for example,
for instance,
For one thing,
this includes,
such as

Giving examplesfor example,for instance,For one thing,this includes,such as (for example),i.e. (that

(for example),
i.e. (that is)

Summing up
/concluding
All in all
overall
generally
In conclusion,
on

the whole
in the main
To sum up,

Слайд 11 Emphasis
especially
particularly
Naturally,
exactly because
above all
Whatever
Whenever
too / enough
The more ....

EmphasisespeciallyparticularlyNaturally,exactly becauseabove allWhateverWhenevertoo / enoughThe more ....

Слайд 12 Write the sentence again, using the word in

Write the sentence again, using the word in brackets. The meaning

brackets. The meaning must stay exactly the same

1. She

is a very good English speaker. You would think it was her native language.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
2. There were so many people in the room that we couldn't move.
___________________________________________________________________ (such)
3. We missed the film because there was such a lot of traffic.
___________________________________________________________________ (so)
4. I can't wear this coat in winter, It's not warm enough.
___________________________________________________________________ (too)
5. When he speaks English, I can't understand what he says.
___________________________________________________________________ (enough)
6. We lost the match although we we the better team.
___________________________________________________________________ (despite)


Слайд 13 Использованные источники
http://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gif
https://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gif
http://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gif
http://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gif
http://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gif
http://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gif
http://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpg
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.html
http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html


Использованные источникиhttp://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gifhttps://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gifhttp://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gifhttp://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gifhttp://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gifhttp://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gifhttp://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpghttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.htmlhttp://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html

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