Презентация на тему Planning. Topic

to do, how to do it, when to do

it and who to do it. It involves anticipating the future and conciously
Choosing the future course of action.
“According to Haimann, Planning is the function that determines in advance what should be done.”

function
Planning is all-pervasive
Planning is a continuous process
Planning is forward-looking
Planning

involves choice
Planning is directed toword efficiency

are as follow:-
Step 1- DEFINE THE TASK-
Step 2- IDENTIFY

RESOURCES-
Step 3- CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE-
step 4- CREATE THE PLANNING-
Step 5- WORK THE PLAN-
Step 6- EVALUATE-

uncertainty and risk
Provides sense of direction
Encourages innovation and creativity
Helps

in co-ordination
Guides decision-making
Provide efficiency in operation

cost
Resistance to change
Lock of ability to plans
False sense

of security
Environmental constraints

of efficiency of plans
Principle of primary of planning
Principle of

planning premises
Principle of policy framwork
Principle of timing
Principle of alternatives
Principle of limiting factor
Principle of commitment
Principle of flexibility
Principle of navigational change
Principle of competitive stategies

of planning
Corporate planning
Divisional or functional planning
Group

planning

planning
Group or sectional planning refers to planning for specific

groups or section within a department or division .
group or sectional planning are formulated mainly at the opreting level of management . They have to approved by higher authorities.

the plans formulated for various departments or division of

an enterprise.it determines the scope and activities of a particular department.
Departmental or divisional plans are formulated at the middle level of management and approved by the top management.

for the company as a whole is known as

corporate planning. It lays down objectives, strategies, and policies for the entire orgainisation.
corprate planinng is done at the top level of management.