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Презентация на тему Capacity and Demand (Lecture # 10)

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2. A problemAUA average power consumption rate is:
3. SolutionAnswer:75 kW? 120 kW? 195 kW? Or?Answer: Solve an optimization problem.
4. Capacity & DemandInvestment is needed to add
5. Capacity & DemandPower shortage means:Peak demand > Installed capacityEnergy shortage means:Not enough fuel to generate power.
6. Load curvesElectric power demand = loadLoad curves, regular (periodic):DailyWeekly Seasonal Per shift, other…?Plus a stochastic component.
7. Seasonal
8. Daily Peak Demand Annual Frequency Histogram
9. Daily
10. Capacity factor (CF) Actual
11. Hydropower
12. Comparison
13. PV capacity factor1kW of PV produces always
14. Energy Shortage: Two ApproachesConstruction of new capacities - supply side.Conservation, Load leveling – demand side.
15. Peak vs. Average vs. BaseAUA peak is:75 kW? 120 kW? 195 kW? Or?Average is another number…
16. CountrywisePeakAverage Base
17. PeakAll powerplants, all generation capacities are operating.We
18. BaseConsumption never goes below certain amountMetsamor NPP is providing the base power.
20. 2011Ã.-Ç Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé
21. ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé
22. Average is in Between!Thus one needs:BASE, stabile,
24. RenewableWind (CF
26. Load leveling is a method for reducing large fluctuations in power demand
27. Load Leveling - DSMDemand Side Management, the
28. Elasticity % Demand ChangeE(d) = % of Price Change
29. Load Leveling - SSMSupply Side Management, the
30. European policyIn 2007, the EU was importing
31. Energy Market
32. Dispatching
33. StorageHydro-PumpNatural gasThermalHydrogen
34. Storage
35. Load levelling – pumped hydro storage
36. Load levelling – pumped hydro storage
37. RA gasification level ~94%Length of the main pipelines 14
38. Load levelling – EV fleet
39. Скачать презентацию
40. Похожие презентации

A problemAUA average power consumption rate is: 75 kW.Large Auditorium Lighting ONLY takes: 120 kW.Size a gas driven generator.

SolutionAnswer:75 kW? 120 kW? 195 kW? Or?Answer: Solve an optimization problem.

Capacity & DemandInvestment is needed to add the physical Stock of Capital.Capital

Capacity & DemandPower shortage means:Peak demand > Installed capacityEnergy shortage means:Not enough fuel to generate power.

Load curvesElectric power demand = loadLoad curves, regular (periodic):DailyWeekly Seasonal Per shift, other…?Plus a stochastic component.

Daily Peak Demand Annual Frequency Histogram

Capacity factor (CF) Actual Generated EnergyCF = Energy Generated

PV capacity factor1kW of PV produces always annual amount kWhs equal to

Energy Shortage: Two ApproachesConstruction of new capacities - supply side.Conservation, Load leveling – demand side.

Peak vs. Average vs. BaseAUA peak is:75 kW? 120 kW? 195 kW? Or?Average is another number…

PeakAll powerplants, all generation capacities are operating.We are going to extreme measures:

BaseConsumption never goes below certain amountMetsamor NPP is providing the base power.

2011Ã.-Ç Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé

Average is in Between!Thus one needs:BASE, stabile, powerplants, e.g. Nuclear, Coal. CF

Load leveling is a method for reducing large fluctuations in power demand

Load Leveling - DSMDemand Side Management, the task is to decrease the

Elasticity % Demand ChangeE(d) = % of Price Change

Load Leveling - SSMSupply Side Management, the task is to organize capacities

European policyIn 2007, the EU was importing 82% of its oil and

StorageHydro-PumpNatural gasThermalHydrogen

RA gasification level ~94%Length of the main pipelines 14 050 kmNumber of gasified communities 576Number

HomeworkProblem #1, page 94 of the Shaten WB.

Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 A problem
AUA average power consumption rate is: 75 kW.
Large

A problemAUA average power consumption rate is: 75 kW.Large Auditorium Lighting

Auditorium Lighting ONLY takes: 120 kW.
Size a gas driven

generator.

Слайд 3 Solution
Answer:
75 kW?
120 kW?
195 kW?
Or?
Answer: Solve

an optimization problem.

Слайд 4 Capacity & Demand
Investment is needed to add the

Capacity & DemandInvestment is needed to add the physical Stock of

physical Stock of Capital.
Capital Stock =
= Installed Capacity

= = Size = Power, In …

Слайд 5 Capacity & Demand
Power shortage means:
Peak demand > Installed

capacity
Energy shortage means:
Not enough fuel to generate power.

Слайд 6 Load curves
Electric power demand = load
Load curves, regular

(periodic):
Daily
Weekly
Seasonal
Per shift, other…?
Plus a stochastic component.

Слайд 8 Daily Peak Demand Annual Frequency Histogram

Слайд 10 Capacity factor (CF)

Actual Generated

Energy
CF =
Energy Generated @ 100%

Is it constant?
It

is different for different types of powerplants.

Слайд 13 PV capacity factor
1kW of PV produces always annual

PV capacity factor1kW of PV produces always annual amount kWhs equal

amount kWhs equal to the monitoring amount:
… e.g. in

Yerevan we have 1720kWh/m2 annually.
1720/8760 = 19.63% - capacity factor for PV.
For 3 kW system we would get 5160 kWh

Слайд 14 Energy Shortage: Two Approaches
Construction of new capacities -

supply side.
Conservation, Load leveling – demand side.

Слайд 15 Peak vs. Average vs. Base
AUA peak is:
75 kW?

120 kW?
195 kW?
Or?
Average is another number…

Слайд 16 Countrywise
Peak
Average
Base

Слайд 17 Peak
All powerplants, all generation capacities are operating.
We are

PeakAll powerplants, all generation capacities are operating.We are going to extreme

going to extreme measures: ALLOWING TO LOWER SEVAN LEVEL!
We

are buying power from other countries
And the power is not enough: in some places power is cut.

Слайд 18 Base
Consumption never goes below certain amount
Metsamor NPP is

providing the base power.

Слайд 20 2011Ã.-Ç Ñ½áñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨
¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé

Слайд 21 ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ßí»ÏßÇé

Слайд 22 Average is in Between!
Thus one needs:
BASE, stabile, powerplants,

Average is in Between!Thus one needs:BASE, stabile, powerplants, e.g. Nuclear, Coal.

e.g. Nuclear, Coal. CF > 90%;
PEAKING, a powerplant that

has relatively small capital (fixed) cost, although the operational (variable) cost is high. Gas-turbine. CF ~ 5%
INTERMEDIATE, that can output variable power. Combined cycle natural gas. CF ~ 30% ÷ 80%.

Слайд 23

Слайд 24 Renewable
Wind (CF

Слайд 25

Слайд 26 Load leveling
is a method for reducing large

fluctuations in power demand

Слайд 27 Load Leveling - DSM
Demand Side Management, the task

Load Leveling - DSMDemand Side Management, the task is to decrease

is to decrease the demand at PEAK TIMES.
Tariff regulations:

- tariffs’ non-linear dependency on power consumed. - time dependency of tariffs
Deciding the hours of operation, Chasing the load, Real-time pricing based on forecasts
Overall Energy Efficiency measures – wide use of LEDs, ventilation and insulation, etc.

Слайд 28 Elasticity

% Demand Change
E(d) =
%

of Price Change

Слайд 29 Load Leveling - SSM
Supply Side Management, the task

Load Leveling - SSMSupply Side Management, the task is to organize

is to organize capacities to meet the demand at

PEAK TIMES.
Need in energy generation market existence with advanced dispatching capability.
Deciding the hours of generation, Chasing the load, Real-time pricing based on forecasts
Renewable energy generation encouragement policies.

Слайд 30 European policy
In 2007, the EU was importing 82%

European policyIn 2007, the EU was importing 82% of its oil

of its oil and 57% of its gas, which

then made it the world's leading importer of these fuels.
Only 3% of the uranium used in European nuclear reactors has been mined in Europe. Russia, Canada, Australia, Niger and Kazakhstan were the five largest suppliers of nuclear materials to the EU, supplying more than 75% of the total needs in 2009.
In 2015, the EU imports 53% of the energy it consumes. In January 2014, the EU agreed to a 40% emissions reduction by 2030, compared to 1990 levels, and a 27% renewable energy target.