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Friedman methods Fig.1.2. The relative error in the activation energy
as a function of the activation energy and the
distance between the initial temperature ( T0 ) and temperature of a given conversion ( Tf1) at the slowest heating rate β1 . (Reproduced from Starink [18] with permission of Springer)
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Ozawa, and Flynn and Wall Fig. 1.3. The activation
energies determined by Friedman for the thermal degradation of
phenolic plastic. (Reproduced from Friedman [13] with permission of Wiley)
Starink
Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose
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Modern Methods (Vyazovkin) Fig 1.4 Relative error in the activation
energy as a function of x= E RT ;
nonlinear method,( circles), linear Kissinger–Akahira– Sunose equation, Eq. 2.13 ( squares). (Reproduced from Vyazovkin and Dollimore [34] with permission of ACS