Презентация на тему Arduino philosophy and community

source hardware”
open source: free to inspect & modify
physical computing
ubiquitous

computing
pervasive computing
ambient intelligence
calm computing
Spimes
Blogjects
smart objects
Community-built
Examples wiki (the “playground”) editable by anyone
Forums with lots of helpful people

of it)
but cheaper, faster, & open
Uses AVR ATmega328 microcontroller

chip
chip was designed to be used with C language
The designer of the AVR purposefully arranged its registers and instruction set so that C programs would compile efficiently on it. This is a big deal, compared to previous microcontrollers where C programs were almost always less efficient than a hand-coded assembly language variant.

$20 $70

$2 $50

varieties.
Anyone can build an Arduino work-alike in any form-factor

they want

of RAM
16 MHz (Apple II: 1 MHz)
Inputs and Outputs
14

digital input/output pins
6 analog input pins
6 analog output pins (pseudo-analog, uses PWM , which we’ll talk about later)
Completely stand-alone: doesn’t need a computer once programmed

* Don’t worry if the above doesn’t make sense, you don’t really need to know it.

run on an Arduino board
“pin” – an input or

output connected to something. e.g. output to an LED, input from a knob.
“digital” – value is either HIGH or LOW. (aka on/off, one/zero) e.g. switch state
“analog” – value ranges, usually from 0-255. e.g. LED brightness, motor speed, etc.

program them into hardware

in Arduino board
Install the driver
Reboot
Run the Arduino program
Tell Arduino

(program) about Arduino (board)

tty.usbserial

for errors)
Press Upload button to program Arduino board with

your sketch

Try it out with the “Blink” sketch!
Load “File/Examples/Basics/Blink”

you ever have any “weird” errors from the Arduino

environment, just try again.
The red text at the bottom is debugging output in case there may be a problem
Status area shows summary of what’s wrong

are switched on and off with a digital output
The

digitalWrite() command is the software portion of being able to control just about anything
LEDs are easy, motors come in a bit
Arduino has up to 13 digital outputs, and you easily can add more with helper chips

like most web programming: edit ➝ run
Edit ➝ compile

➝ upload ➝ run

Search for “Arduino tutorial” or “Arduino notes” or whatever

you’re interested in and “Arduino” and likely you’ll find some neat pages.

And more here:
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

Aided Design) type software package
It combines the two main

programs:
ISIS – is a program for developing and debugging electronic circuits in real-time mode
ARES – PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design tool

BLOGEMBARCADO.LIB into:
C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\Data\LIBRARY

For Windows 7 and

later
Copy file BLOGEMBARCADO.LIB into:
C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY

-> Show verbose output during compilation

the location of .hex file

of .hex file here
Double click

& forums
http://arduino.ru/
Lots of useful information about Arduino and programming

language on Russian language
http://arduino-project.net/videouroki-arduino-arduino4life/
Arduino video tutorials
http://adafruit.com/
Arduino starter kits, Boarduino Arduino clone, lots of cool kits
http://sparkfun.com/
Sells Arduino boards and lots of neat sensors & stuff
Books:
“Arduino cookbook”, Michael Margolis
“Arduino programming notebook”, Brian W. Evans
“Getting started with Arduino”, Massimo Banzi

Monitor on your computer
pinMode(pin, mode); Configures a digital pin to

read (input) or write (output) a digital value
digitalRead(pin); Reads a digital value (HIGH or LOW) on a pin set for input
digitalWrite(pin, value); Writes the digital value (HIGH or LOW) to a pin set for output

delay(value)
Stops the program execution for amount of milliseconds given by value

Arduino hardware
setup();
for (;;)

loop();
return 0;
}

order (interval - 1s)
Traffic lights (Rd-5s, Yl-1s, Gr-5s, Yl-1s

…)
3 LEDs binary counter (0-7)
4 LED ripple

x = readSensors();
delay (50);

// pauses 50 milliseconds
} while (x < 100); // loops if x is less than 100

while (someVariable < 200){ //if less than 200
doSomething; // executes enclosed statements
someVariable++; // increments variable by 1
}

for(j=0; j < 4; j++ ){
Serial.println(j);
}

if (inputPin < 500){
doThingA;
}
else if (inputPin >= 1000){
doThingB;
}
else{
doThingC;
}

1. if
if(expression){ //if expression is true
doSomething;
}

2. if… else
if(inputPin == HIGH){
doThingA;
} else{
doThingB;
}

3. for
for (initialization; condition; expression){
doSomething;
}

4. while
while (expression){
doSomething;
}

5. do… while
do {
doSomething;
} while (expression);

loop(){
value = value - 0.1;

//reduce value by 0.1 each time through the loop
if( value == 0)
Serial.println("The value is exactly zero");
else if(fabs(value) < .0001)
//function to take the absolute value of a float
Serial.println("The value is close enough to zero");
else
Serial.println(value);
delay(100);
}

OUTPUT:
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
The value is close enough to zero
-0.10
-0.20

This is because the only memory-efficient way that floating-point numbers can contain the huge range in values they can represent is by storing an approximation of the number.
The solution to this is to check if a variable is close to the desired value.

in the array beginning at index number 0. An

array needs to be declared and optionally assigned values before they can be used.

int myArray[] = {value0, value1, value2...}

Likewise it is possible to declare an array by declaring the array type and size and later assign values to an index position

int myArray[5]; // declares integer array with 5 positions
myArray[3] = 10; // assigns the 3rd index the value 10

To retrieve a value from an array, assign a variable to the array and index position:

first = myArray[0]; // this is the first element
last = myArray[4]; // this is the last element