Презентация на тему Organizing data graphical and nabular descriptive techniques

of best way of presentation of data
Specific: Students will

set of data in such a way that useful

Data

Statistics

Information

the cash register for each purchase, on the factory

obtaining useful knowledge by analyzing large amounts of data,

information about past contacts with potential customers and their

in forming and evaluating investment strategies and in hedging

as part of data mining distinguish random from systematic

features are customers ordering in larger-than-expected quantities? The answers

thousands of partially completed units, each with its bar

areas of business, including consumer finance, insurance, and networks

credit card company asking you to verify recent transactions

combining resources from many fields. Here is how statistics,

are involved: a design for collecting the data, exploring

classification analysis (also called discriminant analysis) to assign a

for collecting, maintaining, organizing, and analyzing data. Creative methods

might be very specific such as maximizing profits, lowering

as obtaining a better understanding of the different types

for understanding risk and uncertainty. Probability shows you the

project has only an 8% chance of success (i.e.

the appropriate answer requires computing or estimating a probability

country (where you have a manufacturing plant) will become

helps you go from observed data to generalizations about

a solid foundation for statistical inference. When there is

we do not know it’s value until we observe

[Real Numbers]:
* height
* weight
* temperature
Qualitative/Categorical Data [Labels rather

Data – Data can be any real number within

the values].
E.g. responses to questions about marital status:

allowable calculation on nominal data is to count the

display frequencies…
Is there a better way to order these?

all categories and the number of elements that belong

companies was selected, and these employees were asked how

data.

a Category

= (Relative frequency) · 100

the data in Table 2.4.

of Stress on Job

bars whose heights represent the frequencies of respective categories

of Table 2.3

into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages

Chart

of Table 2.5.

Tables
Relative and Percentage Distributions
Graphing Grouped Data
Histograms
Polygons

of a Company
Variable
Third class
Lower limit of the sixth

Upper limit of the sixth class

Frequency of the third class

Frequency column

data lists all the classes and the number of

distribution table?

Determine the range.

R = Highest Value – Lowest

(k)

k = 1 + 3.322 log N

Always round

the range by the number of classes.






(Always round –

with the lowest score. Stop when the class already

by referring to the tally columns and present the

be followed.
The classes must be mutually exclusive. That is,

although it is sometimes impossible to avoid open –

464 people who died from gunfire in the Philippines

25
23 25 21 33 65 17 20 76
47 69

Value
R = 76 – 16 = 60

K = 1 + 3. 322 log N

the quotient if the decimal part exceeds 0.

the highest class?
Upper class limit of the lowest

hit by all players of each of the 30

Baseball Teams During the 2012 Season

a convenient number – say, 22.

can be taken as 124 or any number less

Table 2.9

Distributions

Table 2.10

for Table 2.10

which classes are marked on the horizontal axis and

145
146 - 167
168 - 189
190 - 211
212 - 233
Total

15
12
9
6
3
0

Frequency

- 145
146 - 167
168 - 189
190 - 211
212 -

Total home runs

.50
.40
.30
.20
.10
0

Relative Frequency

the midpoints of the tops of successive bars in

145
146 - 167
168 - 189
190 - 211
212 - 233
15
12
9
6
3
0
Frequency

Frequency
x

time from home to work (in minutes) for 50

Calculate the relative frequencies and percentages for all classes.

Distributions of Average

large city wanted to know the distribution of vehicles

cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution
Step