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Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre
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Queen Elizabeth 1st (played by
Judy Dench)
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The new built Globe Theatre in London –
Based on the original as accurately as possible.
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Theatres were built on the north bank of
the Thames – in a rather lawless area of
London.
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The flag was raised & a trumpet played
to announce the play was about to start
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The theatre was a fashionable place to go
– which encourages pickpockets & other criminals to try
their luck!
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The audience was a mixture of the very
rich and the very poor
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Ladies had to beware of thieves
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Actors were all male and many were the
sons & grandsons of actors
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A few theatres were indoors – as shown
in the film ‘Shakespeare in Love’. Allowing actors to
work in the winter months
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Actors wore contemporary costume some of it donated
by their wealthy patrons
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The modern globe – showing the apron stage,
balconies & modern ‘groundlings’.
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Charles 2nd was ‘restored’ to the throne after
the Civil War. His father had been executed and
he had spent most of his youth abroad.
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During the rule of Thomas Cromwell all theatres
had been shut – as they were ‘ungodly’ and
thought to encourage vice and sin.
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During the Commonwealth (when there had been no
king) theatre, music and dance had been forbidden as
sinful.
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King Charles loved all the things that the
Puritans thought sinful and ungodly. He reopened the theatres
& allowed actresses for the 1st time in Britain.
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Nell Gwyn – one of the king’s mistresses,
started off as an orange seller at the theatre
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Plays were performed
in the
afternoon – in dimly lit theatres. The actors had
to fight to be heard over the audience and it was not unusual for the audience to riot if they disliked the play.
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If a play was set in the past,
the actors might wear something vaguely historic on top
of their ordinary dress.
This is meant to be a Roman heroine…
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The audience loved love stories and tragedies, but
the style of acting was very exaggerated. Actors (especially
actresses) had a bad reputation.
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Actors still wore contemporary fashions – often competing
with the audience for outrageousness.
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18th century (Georgian theatre)
David Garrick playing the part
of Hamlet
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The biggest influence on Georgian theatre was David
Garrick. He was an actor and a manager –
so he had lots of control.
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Garrick wasn’t happy that theatre had such a
bad reputation and he set about reforming it from
within.
He insisted that his actors turned up for rehearsals!
That they turned up for performances on time and not drunk!
He tried to get the prostitutes off the stage and made sure that his actresses were respectable women.
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He also had a go at improving the
quality of the audience:
He stopped people leaving half way
through – and selling their tickets to other people.
He improved the stage lighting, so the audience could see what was happening.
He provided benches for the ‘pit’ so everyone sat down.
He brought Shakespeare’s plays back to the stage.
He introduced a more natural way of acting.
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Actresses became more respectable
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Queen Victoria ruled for over 70 years.
During this time there were many social changes.
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Theatre was still popular with the whole population.
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Theatres were still places to meet friends &
socialise – especially if you could afford a box.
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The Alhambra Theatre in Bradford was built at
the turn of the 20th century.
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Victorians liked happy fairytale endings and the sets
and costumes were often rich and decorative.
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The Victorians found some of Shakespeare’s plays
and language rather rough and vulgar. They censored some
of the plays making them more suitable for a Victorian audience.
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Stages were more set back from the audience
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Theatre was meant to be ‘improving’ and educational
– rather than earthy & real!
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Romeo and Juliet was performed in
a highly sentimental way – often with complex scenery
and many ‘extras’.
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The Victorians found the tragedy in
Shakespeare’s plays too
savage.
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The Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford, built in
the 1920’s was very modern at the time.
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The audience was much closer to the stage.
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20th century productions tried to relate Shakespeare’s plays
to the modern audience –which some theatre goers still
find disturbing!
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The musical ‘West Side Story’ which was made
into a major film reinterpreted the play for a
modern audience.
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The death scene was changed to Romeo being
stabbed in the street – Juliet surviving.
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Franco Zaferelli directed a film version of the
play in the 1960s. He used actual Italian locations
& believably young actors. The film was a huge hit with a wide audience unfamiliar with Shakespeare.
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Directors in the 20th century tried to make
the play relevant to modern audiences. Romeo & Juliet
were kept apart by racial & cultural barriers – issues that modern audiences can relate to.
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Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 version starred Leonardo DiCaprio and
Claire Danes.