Презентация на тему Oil and gas.

liquid and solid hydrocarbons chemical different structure with a

number of carbon atoms up to 100 and more hetero admixture with compounds of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and some metals.

to mankind since ancient times. Excavations on the banks

of the Euphrates, the existence of oil field for 6000-4000 years BC. e. At that time it was used as a fuel and oil bitumen - in the construction and road case. Oil has been known and ancient Egypt, where it was used for embalming the dead. Plutarch and Dioscorides mention oil as a fuel to be used in ancient Greece.

three groups of hydrocarbons - alkanes, arenes, and naphthenes.
Chemically,

oil - a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, are divided into two groups - heavy and light oil. Light oil comprises about two percent less carbon than a heavy, but correspondingly larger amount of hydrogen and oxygen.

stable. Their general formula СnH(2n+2).

(2n-2) and CnH (2n-4). In oil contains mainly S5N10

cyclopentane, cyclohexane S6N10 and homologues thereof. Arena (aromatic hydrocarbons). They are considerably poorer than hydrogen, the ratio of carbon / hydrogen in the arenas highest, much higher than in the whole oil.

at 141.3 billion tons. These stocks at current crude

oil production will be enough 42 years. Of these, 66.4% are located in the countries of the Near and Middle East.

are part of an asphalt-resinous component, porphyrins, sulfur and

ash part.

For non-hydrocarbon components of petroleum resins and asphaltenes are playing a very important role in the chemical activity of oil

oil - natural gas - also a difficult matter

in its composition. Most - 95% by volume - in the mixture of methane. There are also ethane, propane, butane and other alkanes.
A more thorough analysis resulted in the discovery of natural gas and small amounts of helium.

was carried out at first only in the places

of its natural outcrops. In Dagestan, Azerbaijan, Iran and other eastern regions.

nature, but the industrial development of these cases can

not be called. Only in the mid-19th century, natural gas becomes fuel technology, and one of the first examples glassworks, organized on the basis of deposit Dagestan lights.

valuable resources. Derived products are used in virtually all

industries, in all types of transport, military and civil engineering, agriculture, energy, life, and so on. Forth. From oil and gas produce a variety of chemical materials, such as plastics, synthetic fibers, rubbers , paints, road and construction bitumen, detergents

petroleum products
reforming