Презентация на тему по английскому языку на тему The categorial System of English verbal

of speech
can be combined with non-processual lexemes (performing verbal

functions in the sentence)

can be combined with verbs (performing non-verbal functions in the sentence)

Verbids

types of subordinate clauses.
Cf.:
Have you ever had anything

caught in your head?
Have you ever had anything that was caught in your head? —

He said it half under his breath for the others not to hear it. — He said it half under his breath, so that the others couldn't hear it.

The verbids

express the predicative meanings of time and mood

do express the so-called "secondary" or "potential" predication

PARTICIPLE

verbal).

INFINITIVE
properties of the verb

properties of the noun

The infinitive is

used in three fundamentally different types of functions:
as a notional, self-positional syntactic part of the sentence ( grammatically ’’ free’’ );
as the notional constituent of a complex verbal predicate
( grammatically ’’ half- free’’);
as the notional constituent of a finite conjugation form of the verb ( grammatically ’’ bound’’ ).

The self-positional infinitive performs the functions of all types of notional sentence-parts, i. e. the subject, the object, the predicative, the attribute, the adverbial modifier.

own subject, it is introduced by the preposition-particle for.

Cf.: For that shy-looking young man to have stated his purpose so boldly — incredible!

"for-to infinitive phrase”

the semi-predicative constructions of the complex object and complex subject

with some transitive verbs (of physical perceptions, mental activity, declaration, compulsion, permission, etc.)

We have never heard Charlie play his violin. → Charlie has never been heard to play his violin.
The members of the committee expected him to speak against the suggested resolution. → He was expected by the members of the committee to speak against the suggested resolution.

aspective category of retrospective coordination (perfect in opposition);
the category

of voice (passive in opposition).

the indefinite active - the continuous active - the perfect active - the perfect continuous active;
the indefinite passive - the continuous passive - the perfect passive - the perfect continuous passive.

E.g.: to take — to be taking — to have taken — to have been taking;
to be taken —to be being taken — to have been taken — to have been being taken.

E.g.: to go —to be going— to have gone — to have been going.

The infinitive is a categorically changeable form. It distinguishes the three grammatical categories:

The categorial paradigm of the infinitive of the objective verb includes eight forms:

The infinitive paradigm of the non-objective verb, correspondingly, includes four forms.

object of the action)
modifying adverbs
semi-functional predicator verbs (but other

than modal)

finite notional verbs (as the object of the action)

finite notional verbs (as the prepositional adjunct of various functions)

finite notional verbs (as the subject of the action)

nouns (as the prepositional adjunct of various functions)

properties of the verb

properties of the noun

the functions of all the types of notional sentence-parts,

i.e. the subject, the object, the predicative, the attribute, the adverbial modifier.

the aspective category of retrospective coordination (perfect in opposition);
the category of voice (passive in opposition).

The gerund is a categorically changeable form; it distinguishes the two grammatical categories:

the simple active - the perfect active;
the simple passive - the perfect passive.
E.g.: taking — having taken;
being taken — having been taken.

The categorial paradigm of the gerund of the objective verb includes four forms:

The perfect forms of the gerund are used, as a rule, only in semantically strong positions, laying special emphasis on the meaningful categorial content of the form.

E.g.: going — having gone.

The gerundial paradigm of the non-objective verb, correspondingly, includes two forms:

of the adjective


the qualifying-processual name
The verb-type combinability of the

present participle is revealed in its being combined:
with nouns expressing the object of the action;
with nouns expressing the subject of the action (in semi-predicative complexes);
with modifying adverbs;
with auxiliary finite verbs (word-morphemes) in the analytical forms of the verb.

the properties of the adverb

The self-positional present participle, in the proper syntactic arrangements, performs the functions of the predicative (occasional use, and not with the pure link be), the attribute, the adverbial modifier of various types.

of the adjective

the qualifying-processual name
Moyra's softened look gave him

a new hope. (Past participle attributive front-position)
The light is bright and inconveniently placed for reading. (Past participle predicative position)

The main self-positional functions of the past participle in the sentence are those of the attribute and the predicative. Cf.:

present participial, may exist in parallel (e.g. when used

with some verbs of physical perceptions), the difference between them lying in the aspective presentation of the process.
Cf.:
Nobody noticed the scouts approach the enemy trench. — Nobody noticed the scouts approaching the enemy trench with slow, cautious, expertly calculated movements. Suddenly a telephone was heard to buzz, breaking the spell. — The telephone was heard vainly buzzing in the study.

The present participle, similar to the infinitive, can build up semi-predicative complexes of objective and subjective types.

The past participle is capable of making up semi-predicative constructions of complex object, complex subject, as well as of absolute complex.

The past participial complex object is specifically characteristic with verbs of wish and oblique causality (have, get).
Cf.:
I want the document prepared for signing by 4 p.m. Will you have my coat brushed up, please?