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Презентация на тему Beyond hunger. Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity

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ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITUREHYPOTHALAMUS:Central in appetite regulationImage: Wikimedia Commons
Beyond hunger:Reward mechanisms implicated in food intake and in obesity ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITUREHYPOTHALAMUS:Central in appetite regulationImage: Wikimedia Commons ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITURE ?ghrelin ?insulin? Y neuropeptide and agouti-related peptideLateral hypothalamus stimulationVentromedial hypothalamus inhibitionENERGY INTAKEENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITURE? insulin, leptin and YY neuropeptide? proopiomelacortin and cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcriptorVentromedial hypothalamus stimulationLateral hypothalamus inhibition Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseasesBrain tissue vulnerabilityExcessive accumulation of lipids Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelingsHabitsHormone changesBoredomSocial pressureStressHedonic hunger HabitsHormone changesBoredomSocial pressureStressHedonic hungerBeyond homeostasis: hunger feelings Hunger as a reinforcing behaviorEating behavior: reverse of „unpleasant“ hunger signalsLinked with hedonic and reward mechanisms Dagher, 2012Neuroimaging studies of appetite The “appetitive” network in the brainReward system: mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions Kenny, 2011 Alterations in the appetitive network in obesityMarqués-Iturria, Pueyo, Garolera, Segura, Junqué, García-García, Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger (2011)Directionality of volumetric differences is Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van den Heuvel. (2015) NeuroimageDecreased connectivity García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann (2015). Psychiatry Research: NeuroimagingX=413.85.5Alterations in The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesityFOOD ADDICTION MODEL (Gearhardt et al. García-García, Horstmann, Jurado (…), Neumann 2014 Obes Rev Obesity and substance addictions shared a higher recruitment of the amygdala and
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2


ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE

HYPOTHALAMUS:
Central in appetite regulation

Image: Wikimedia Commons

ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITUREHYPOTHALAMUS:Central in appetite regulationImage: Wikimedia Commons

Слайд 3



ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE

ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITURE

Слайд 4 ?ghrelin
?insulin
? Y neuropeptide and agouti-related peptide
Lateral hypothalamus

?ghrelin ?insulin? Y neuropeptide and agouti-related peptideLateral hypothalamus stimulationVentromedial hypothalamus inhibitionENERGY INTAKEENERGY EXPENDITURE

stimulation
Ventromedial hypothalamus inhibition



ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE


Слайд 5


ENERGY
INTAKE
ENERGY
EXPENDITURE


? insulin, leptin and YY neuropeptide
? proopiomelacortin and

ENERGYINTAKEENERGYEXPENDITURE? insulin, leptin and YY neuropeptide? proopiomelacortin and cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcriptorVentromedial hypothalamus stimulationLateral hypothalamus inhibition

cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcriptor
Ventromedial hypothalamus stimulation
Lateral hypothalamus inhibition


Слайд 6 Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue

Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseasesBrain tissue vulnerabilityExcessive accumulation of

vulnerability
Excessive accumulation of lipids in several tissues and organs
Adverse

cellular responses

Increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Brain tissue vulnerability




ENERGY
INTAKE

ENERGY
EXPENDITURE



Слайд 7 Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings
Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger

Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelingsHabitsHormone changesBoredomSocial pressureStressHedonic hunger

Слайд 8 Habits
Hormone changes
Boredom
Social pressure
Stress
Hedonic hunger
Beyond homeostasis: hunger feelings

HabitsHormone changesBoredomSocial pressureStressHedonic hungerBeyond homeostasis: hunger feelings

Слайд 9 Hunger as a reinforcing behavior
Eating behavior: reverse of

Hunger as a reinforcing behaviorEating behavior: reverse of „unpleasant“ hunger signalsLinked with hedonic and reward mechanisms

„unpleasant“ hunger signals

Linked with hedonic and reward mechanisms


Слайд 10 Dagher, 2012
Neuroimaging studies of appetite

Dagher, 2012Neuroimaging studies of appetite

Слайд 11 The “appetitive” network in the brain
Reward system: mesocorticolimbic

The “appetitive” network in the brainReward system: mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions Kenny, 2011

dopaminergic regions
Kenny, 2011


Слайд 12 Alterations in the appetitive network in obesity
Marqués-Iturria, Pueyo,

Alterations in the appetitive network in obesityMarqués-Iturria, Pueyo, Garolera, Segura, Junqué,

Garolera, Segura, Junqué, García-García, …, Jurado (2013)
Reductions in gray

matter volume and in cortical thickness in prefrontal areas in obesity

Слайд 13 Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger (2011)
Directionality

Horstmann, Busse, Mathar, Müller, Lepsien, …, Pleger (2011)Directionality of volumetric differences

of volumetric differences is less clear
in subcortical regions


(e.g., see Horstmann et al. 2011 and Jagust et al. 2005)

Слайд 14 Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van den

Marqués-Iturria, Sholtens, Garolera, Pueyo, García-García, …, van den Heuvel. (2015) NeuroimageDecreased

Heuvel. (2015) Neuroimage
Decreased connectivity organization of the reward system

structure in obesity

Слайд 15 García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann (2015).

García-García, Jurado, Garolera, Marqués-Iturria, Horstmann, …, Neumann (2015). Psychiatry Research: NeuroimagingX=413.85.5Alterations

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
X=41
3.8
5.5
Alterations in the appetitive network in obesity


Слайд 16 The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesity
FOOD ADDICTION

The addictive or compulsive dimension of obesityFOOD ADDICTION MODEL (Gearhardt et

MODEL (Gearhardt et al. 2011; Kelley & Berridge, 2002)
Obesity

resembles an addiction to drugs, both behaviorally and
in terms of their underlying neural processes

Слайд 17 García-García, Horstmann, Jurado (…), Neumann 2014 Obes Rev

García-García, Horstmann, Jurado (…), Neumann 2014 Obes Rev

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