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Презентация на тему Revisiting the Milgram Experiments
Содержание
- 2. Revisit fundamental principleWe are always under environmental
- 3. Observable, tangible evidenceClothesAre you wearing any?Why?For their function?For their style?
- 4. Clothes are relevant because…?Empirical proof of:CultureShared cultureControlling agenciesAnd…obedience
- 5. Milgram got it almost rightDifferent orientationReliance on
- 6. What is culture?"...all the variables affecting him
- 7. What make it so powerful?“Behavior comes to
- 8. Relevance?“’Right’ and ‘wrong’ eventually have the force
- 9. Cultural control“...social stimuli are important because the
- 10. Controlling agenciesGovernment and LawReligionPsychotherapyEconomic ControlEducation
- 11. Characteristics of controlling agencies“...controlling agencies manipulate particular
- 12. Establishment of obedience“…the controlled individual is obedient
- 13. Relevance?“By establishing obedient behavior, the controlling agency
- 14. Relevance to Milgram?The individual subjects were predisposed
- 15. Relevance to Milgram?Those that dissented and disobeyed
- 16. Milgram’s MissesFree willWilling obedienceIndependent entitiesAble to define situationsGive self over to authority
- 17. AgreementsMoral ideals are inseparable from obedient attitudeDemand
- 18. AgreementsSituational obligationsContext is importantAvoidance as negative reinforcement for continued shocksPhysical presence of experimenter
- 19. Unacknowledged agreementsSubject is bound by authority system“Ordinary
- 20. Unacknowledged agreementsAgentic state is the “...mental organization
- 21. DiscussionCulture and other people are always source
- 22. DiscussionWe need to appreciate more fully the
- 23. Real question is...Not necessarily who is controlling
- 24. Скачать презентацию
- 25. Похожие презентации
Revisit fundamental principleWe are always under environmental controlSo…When are NOT being obedient?When are NOT under stimulus control?
Слайд 2
Revisit fundamental principle
We are always under environmental control
So…
When
are NOT being obedient?
Слайд 3
Observable, tangible evidence
Clothes
Are you wearing any?
Why?
For their function?
For
their style?
Слайд 4
Clothes are relevant because…?
Empirical proof of:
Culture
Shared culture
Controlling agencies
And…obedience
Слайд 5
Milgram got it almost right
Different orientation
Reliance on agentic-autonomous
approach
Much of his interpretation is commensurate with behavior analysis
Слайд 6
What is culture?
"...all the variables affecting him [a
person] which are arranged by other people” (p. 419).
“...culture…is...enormously
complex and extraordinarily powerful” (p. 419).
Слайд 7
What make it so powerful?
“Behavior comes to conform
to the standards of a given community…”(p. 415).
“…the community
extends the classification of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ to certain forms of behavior” (p. 417).“…shape [this]…behavior to group standards are powerful” (p. 418).
Слайд 8
Relevance?
“’Right’ and ‘wrong’ eventually have the force of
‘conforming’ and ‘non-conforming’” (p. 418).
“Instances of behavior which are
nonconforming, but not otherwise aversive to the group are henceforth treated as if they were aversive” (p. 418).
Слайд 9
Cultural control
“...social stimuli are important because the social
reinforcers with which they are correlated are also important”
(p.302)“...imitation may be so skillful...that we are likely to attribute it to some special mode of interpersonal contact...(p. 304).
Слайд 11
Characteristics of controlling agencies
“...controlling agencies manipulate particular sets
of variables (p. 333)”
“...the total culture, in which all
our controlling agencies and all other features of the social environment work together simultaneously and with a single effect (p. 334).”
Слайд 12
Establishment of obedience
“…the controlled individual is obedient to
the dictates of the agency if he behaves in
conformity with its controlling practices” (p. 338)
Слайд 13
Relevance?
“By establishing obedient behavior, the controlling agency prepares
for future occasions which it cannot foresee and for
which an explicit repertoire, cannot, therefore, be prepare in advance…When novel occasions arise to which the individual possess no response, he simply does what he is told.” (p.338)
Слайд 14
Relevance to Milgram?
The individual subjects were predisposed to
obedience due to prior learning history and the situational
stimuli of the lab.It is less of a surprise that so many people obeyed and more of a surprise that more people didn't given the extent to which controlling agencies regulate human behavior.
Слайд 15
Relevance to Milgram?
Those that dissented and disobeyed did
so because of the control of some agency, because
it is not possible to do so otherwise.
Слайд 16
Milgram’s Misses
Free will
Willing obedience
Independent entities
Able to define situations
Give
self over to authority
Слайд 17
Agreements
Moral ideals are inseparable from obedient attitude
Demand for
obedience, only consistent element across variety of commands
Use of
“rewards” when compliantSituational stimuli are crucial
Experimenter becomes SD
Слайд 18
Agreements
Situational obligations
Context is important
Avoidance as negative reinforcement for
continued shocks
Physical presence of experimenter
Слайд 19
Unacknowledged agreements
Subject is bound by authority system
“Ordinary men”
were not SD's for administration of shocks
“Internalization” of social
orderInternalized basis for obedience
Acceptance of ideology of legitimate authority
Слайд 20
Unacknowledged agreements
Agentic state is the “...mental organization which
enhances the likelihood of obedience.”
Obedience is the behavioral aspect
of that stateTransformation to the agentic state is only partial for those who “disobeyed.”
Disobedience is transfer of stimulus control
Слайд 21
Discussion
Culture and other people are always source of
and under social-environmental control.
We are obedient to something all
of the time.
Слайд 22
Discussion
We need to appreciate more fully the impact
of controlling agencies and culture in daily life as
we are not the ones who are controlling much of it.Propaganda plays a significant role in determining our behavior.
Слайд 23
Real question is...
Not necessarily who is controlling the
controllers (they are being controlled by contingencies), but who
is controlling the variables that are in the environment?S/he who controls the environment, controls the population.
