Презентация на тему Elena a. kruglikovaenglish lexicologyКрасноярск2011

all languages.

Particular linguistics studies different sides of particular

languages.

system of sounds

learning) studies the vocabulary of the language and the

properties of words (and their combinations) as the main units of the language.

Sense relationships between words
Word structure
Word-formation
Properties of words and word-combinations
Principles of classification of the vocabulary
Compilation of dictionaries

the vocabulary, irrespective of the specific feature of any

particular language and it studies linguistic phenomena and properties common to all languages, i.e. so-called language and linguistic universals.

Special Lexicology investigates characteristic peculiarities in the vocabulary of a given language. Special lexicology may be historical and descriptive.

Descriptive Lexicology deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development.
Historical Lexicology or Etymology (Greek etumon ‘primary’ or ‘basic word’, ‘original form of a word’) studies the evolution of the vocabulary and its elements: origin, change, development, linguistic and extralinguistic factors modifying their structure, meaning and usage.
Diachronic (Greek dia – ‘through’, chronos – ‘time’)
Synchronic (Greek syn – ‘with, together’).

Contrastive Lexicology works out the theoretical basis on which the vocabularies of different languages can be compared and described.
Phraseology is the branch of lexicology specializing in word groups which are characterized by stability of structure and transferred meaning.
Terminology studies different sides of terms and lexicology gives methods and the scientific apparatus for that.

stock at a given point of time

The term vocabulary

is used to denote the system formed by the sum total of all the words and word equivalents. It is an adaptive system adjusting itself to the changing requirements and conditions of human communication and cultural surrounding.

A lexicon is a list of words in a language – a vocabulary – along with some knowledge of how each word is used.

within a vast, efficient and perfectly balanced system.
Word

is a unit of speech which, as such, serves the purposes of human communication. Thus, the word can be defined as a unit of communication.
Word is the total of the sounds which comprise it.
Word is a speech unit used for the purposes of human communication, materially representing a group of sounds possessing a meaning, susceptible to grammatical employment and characterized by formal and semantic unity.
The term word denotes the basic unit of a language of a given language resulting from the association of a particular meaning with a particular group of sounds capable of a particular grammatical employment. A word therefore is simultaneously a semantic and grammatical and phonological unit. It is the smallest unit of the language which can stand alone as a complete utterance. It is a small unit within a vast, efficient and perfectly balanced system.

in the language as a ready-made unit, has the

unity of meaning, the unity of syntactical function.
As loose as a goose

the word is its morphological structure.

The internal structure of

the word, or its meaning is the word’s semantic structure.

External (formal) unity
Semantic unity
Susceptibility to grammatical employment

semantic structure of the word is analysed in its

linear relationships with neighbouring words in connected speech.

On the paradigmatic level, the word is studied in its relationship with other words in the vocabulary system.

.

question was difficult

  second word easy
Paradigmatic third problem silly funny exam final
(substitution) last paper loaded