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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
(6 March 1475 –
18 February 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.
Michelangelo was considered the greatest living
artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be
one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century.
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Pietà
David
Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and
David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.
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Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also
created two of the most influential works in fresco
in the history of Western art:
The Last Judgment, or The Last Judgement is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance master Michelangelo executed on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. It is a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity. The souls of humans rise and descend to their fates, as judged by Christ surrounded by prominent saints including Saints Catherine of Alexandria, Peter, Lawrence, Bartholomew, Paul, Sebastian, John the Baptist, and others.
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The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between
1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High
Renaissance art.
The ceiling is that of the large Papal Chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV after whom it is named, and was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many important services.
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In his lifetime he was also often called
Il Divino ("the divine one"). One of the qualities
most admired by his contemporaries was his terribilità, a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur, and it was the attempts of subsequent artists to imitate[4] Michelangelo's impassioned and highly personal style.
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Works
The Madonna of the Steps is Michelangelo's earliest
known work. While the Madonna is in profile, the
easiest aspect for a shallow relief, the child displays a twisting motion that was to become characteristic of Michelangelo's work. The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Madonna and Child
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Male figure
Angel by Michelangelo, early work (1494–95)
Bacchus by
Michelangelo,
early work (1496–97)
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Michelangelo's relief of the Battle of the Centaurs,
created while he was still a youth associated with
the Medici Academy, is an unusually complex relief in that it shows a great number of figures involved in a vigorous struggle.
Figure compositions
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In the Crucifixion of Peter soldiers busy themselves
about their assigned duty of digging a post hole
and raising the cross while various people look on and discuss the events. A group of horrified women cluster in the foreground, while another group of Christians is led by a tall man to witness the events. In the right foreground, Michelangelo walks out of the painting with an expression of disillusionment.
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Architecture
The vestibule of the Laurentian Library has Mannerist features which challenge
the Classical order of Brunelleschi's adjacent church
Michelangelo's design for
St Peter's is both massive but contained, with the corners between the apsidal arms of the Greek Cross filled by square projections
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Michelangelo's redesign of the ancient Capitoline Hill included a
complex spiralling pavement with a star at its centre
The
exterior is surrounded by a giant order of pilasters supporting a continuous cornice. Four small cupolas cluster around the dome
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Death
The Pieta of Vittoria Colonna (c. 1540)
The Rondanini Pieta (1552–64)