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Презентация на тему Active Voice

Lung abscessLung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm)[1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.This pus-filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during altered consciousness. Alcoholism is the most common
Karagandy State Medical UniversityDepartment of foreign languagesСРСПLung abscessБудущие и будущие в прошлом Lung abscessLung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities Lung abscessComputed tomography (CT) scan of chest showing bilateral pneumonia with abscesses, Signs and symptoms Onset of symptoms is often gradual, but in necrotizing staphylococcal orgram-negative CausesConditions contributing to lung abscessAspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric secretionSeptic emboliNecrotizing pneumonia[4]Vasculitis: Granulomatosis with polyangiitisNecrotizing tumors: 8% to Diagnosis Chest X-ray and other imaging studiesLung abscesses are often on one side and Действительный залог (Active Voice) Examples1.Lung abscess was developed by various factors.2. Fever is came by lung abscess.3.Pus is affected lungs. Examples.
Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue

Lung abscessLung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of

and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm)[1] containing necrotic debris

or fluid caused by microbial infection.
This pus-filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during altered consciousness. Alcoholism is the most common condition predisposing to lung abscesses.
Lung abscess is considered primary (60%[2]) when it results from existing lung parenchymal process and is termed secondary when it complicates another process e.g. vascular emboli or follows rupture of extrapulmonaryextrapulmonaryabscess into lung.


Слайд 3 Lung abscess
Computed tomography (CT) scan of chest showing

Lung abscessComputed tomography (CT) scan of chest showing bilateral pneumonia with

bilateral pneumonia with abscesses, effusions, and caverns. 37-year-old male.
Classification

and external resources

Слайд 4 Signs and symptoms
Onset of symptoms is often gradual,

Signs and symptoms Onset of symptoms is often gradual, but in

but in necrotizing staphylococcal orgram-negative bacillary pneumonias patients can be acutely ill. Cough,

fever with shivering, and night sweats are often present. Cough can be productive of foul smelling purulent mucus (≈70%) or less frequently with blood in one third cases).[3] Affected individuals may also complain of chest pain, shortness of breath, lethargy and other features of chronic illness.
Those with a lung abscess are generally cachectic at presentation. Finger clubbing is present in one third of patients.[3]Dental decay is common especially in alcoholics and children. On examination of chest there will be features of consolidation such as localized dullness on percussion and bronchial breath sounds.


Слайд 5 Causes
Conditions contributing to lung abscessAspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric secretion
Septic emboli
Necrotizing pneumonia[4]
Vasculitis: Granulomatosis

CausesConditions contributing to lung abscessAspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric secretionSeptic emboliNecrotizing pneumonia[4]Vasculitis: Granulomatosis with polyangiitisNecrotizing tumors: 8%

with polyangiitis
Necrotizing tumors: 8% to 18% are due to neoplasms across all

age groups, higher in older people; primarysquamous carcinoma of the lung is the most common.
OrganismsIn the post-antibiotic era pattern of frequency is changing. In older studies anaerobes were found in up to 90% cases but they are much less frequent now.[5]
Anaerobic bacteria: Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium species,
Microaerophilic streptococcus : Streptococcus milleri
Aerobic bacteria: Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Escherichia coli,Streptococcus, Mycobacteria[6]

Слайд 6 Diagnosis
Chest X-ray and other imaging studiesLung abscesses are

Diagnosis Chest X-ray and other imaging studiesLung abscesses are often on one

often on one side and single involving posterior segments of the

upper lobes and the apical segments of the lower lobes as these areas are gravity dependent when lying down. Presence of air-fluid levels implies rupture into the bronchial tree or rarely growth of gas forming organism.
Laboratory studiesRaised inflammatory markers (high ESR, CRP) are common but nonspecific. Examination of the coughed up mucus is important in any lung infection and often reveals mixed bacterial flora. Transtracheal or transbronchial (viabronchoscopy) aspirates can also be cultured. Fiber optic bronchoscopy is often performed to exclude obstructive lesion; it also helps in bronchial drainage of pus.


Слайд 7 Действительный залог (Active Voice)

Действительный залог (Active Voice)

Слайд 8 Examples
1.Lung abscess was developed by various factors.
2. Fever

Examples1.Lung abscess was developed by various factors.2. Fever is came by lung abscess.3.Pus is affected lungs.

is came by lung abscess.
3.Pus is affected lungs.


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