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The -ing form is used
As a noon:
Travelling
is a great way to learn about other cultures.
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After certain verbs :
Admit - допускать, соглашаться
Accuse
sb of - обвинять
Apologise for – приносить извинения
за
Appreciate-оценивать, быть благодарным
Avoid-избегать, остерегаться, сторониться,
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Complain to sb of - жаловаться,
Continue -
продолжать
Deny - отрицать, отвергать, не признавать существование
Fancy - очень
хотеть, страстно желать, воображать себе
Imagine - воображать, представлять себе
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Miss - потерпеть неудачу, упустить пропустить
Quit - оставлять, покидать, уходить, уезхать
Save
- спасать
Practise -применять
Consider - рассматривать, обсуждать
Prevent - предотвращать, предупреждать
Risk-
рисковать, отважиться
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You should avoid eating junk food.
She denied cheating
in the test.
He admitted taking the money.
She accused me
of tearing her favourite shirt.
He complained to me of having terrible toothache.
He denied using my car.
He apologised for forgetting my birthday.
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AFTER
love
like
enjoy
prefer
dislike
hate
to express general preference.
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After expressions such as
Be busy – быть занятым
It’s
no use - бесполезно
It’s (no) good
It’s (not) worth
- это не стоит того
What's the use of – что толку
Can’t help - не могу не, нельзя не
There no point (in) - нет смысла в чем то
Can’t stand - не выносить кого либо
Have difficulty (in) – иметь трудности,
Have trouble - затруднение, проблемы
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I. After: spend, waste, lose ( time,
money, etc.)
II. After prepositions
III. After the preposition ”to” :
look
forward to
be used to
think of
in addition to
object to
prefer (doing sth to doing sth else)
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be/get used to + -ing form
I’m used
to working very hard.(It’s my habit)
BUT
I used to work
very hard. ( I don’t any more)
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After the verbs:
HEAR, LISTEN TO, NOTICE,
SEE, WATCH, FEEL
To describe an incomplete action, to say that somebody saw, heard…only part of action:
I heard he talking on the phone.
( I heard part of the conversation)
Infinitive without to describe a complete action
(from beginning to end)
I heard he tell the story.
( I heard the whole story)
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I. To express purpose
She went to the supermarket
to buy some cheese.
II. After:
Would love, would like, would
prefer…
III. Certain adjectives such as:
Glad, difficult, happy, sorry, sad, lucky, fortunate, willing…
We were glad to help them fix their roof.
IV. After TOO , ENOUGH
This curry is too spicy for me.
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V. After certain verbs such as:
advise,
agree, appear
decide, expect, hope, learn
manage, offer,
plan, promise, refuse, remind sb seem, teach, want
He agreed to post the letters.
He offered to drive me to work.
He refuse to call her.
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VI. After verbs and expressions such as:
ask,
learn, explain, decide, find out, wonder, want to know
etc., when they are followed by question words ( who, what…)
She wanted to know what to do next.
BUT:
Why is followed by a subject + verb, not by an infinitive.
I wonder why she was crying.
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VIII. In the expressions:
to
tell you the truth,
to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to sum up
To be honest, I hate watching horror films.
IX. With IT + BE + ADJECTIVE/NOUN
It is necessary to leave before dark.
It is their dream to reach the South Pole.
the first, second, next, last, best…
She was the last
person to leave the building.
After
certain nouns and pronouns to show that something is necessary or possible
She’s got a project to complete.
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XII. With
so + adjective + as
Would
you be so kind as to help me with
the test.
XII. With - only -
expressing an unsatisfactory result.
They ran to the front door only to realise their mother had already left.
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After modal verbs
After verbs let make see hear
feel watch, notice + smb + infinitive
My father let me stay out late.
BUT be made, be heard, be seen + to- infinitive (passive)
She was seen to speak to flowers in the garden.
After had better , would rather
You had better stop eating junk food.
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Verbs taking the
to-infinitive or
the –ing form with a change in
meaning
to forget:
to-infinitive
-
забыть то, что уже сделано.
I forgot answering his letter .
Я забыл, что уже ответил на его письмо.
-ing form
- забыть то, что нужно было сделать
I forgot to answer his letter. –
Я забыл ответить на его письмо.
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to remember:
-ing form
to-infinitive
-помнить то, что
уже сделано
I remember seeing you somewhere.
– Я помню, что
уже видел вас где-то.
-помнить то, что нужно будет сделать
I remember to see you soon.
– Я помню, что мне нужно увидеться с вами вскоре.
to stop
-ing form
-обозначает прекратить действие
They stopped smoking. –
Они перестали курить.
He stopped reading the notice.
–
Он перестал читать объявление.
to-infinitive
-обозначает остановиться, чтобы выполнить, начать действие
They stopped to smoke. –
Они остановились, чтобы покурить.
He stopped to read the notice. –
Он остановился, чтобы прочитать объявление.
to mean
to-infinitive
-намериваться, собираться
I apologise. I didn’t mean to upset you.
-ing form
-подразумевать, полагать
Being a good doctor means devoting you life to helping others
to try
to-infinitive
- стараться делать всё возможное
I
tried to convince her that everything would be aright.
-ing form
– делать что то в качестве эксперимента
You should try exercising more often
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Go on
to-infinitive
-закончить действие и приступить к новому
действию
She did the washing up, then went on to
tidy up the kitchen.
-ing form
-продолжить делать что-либо
She went on talking for hours.
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to want
to-infinitive
- хотеть, желать
I
want to travel to Africa
-ing form
-что то
требует какого то действия
My car wants cleaning.
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be sorry
be sorry
be sorry for
to-infinitive
-сожалеть
I
was sorry to hear
you haven’t been
feeling well.
-ing form
-извиняться за что либо
I’m sorry for being so …
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to hate
to-infinitive
-испытывать неудовольствие по поводу предстоящего действия
I
hate to disappoint you but he’s not coming.
-ing form
-не любить то, что приходиться делать
I hate watching horror films.