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So what is ESP?
English for specific purposes (ESP)
is an approach to language teaching in which all
decisions as to content and method are based on the learners` reason for learning.
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ESP programs differ from general English language courses
and contain the following characteristics:
It is designed to meet
specified needs of the learners;
It is related in content (themes and topics) to particular disciplines, occupations and activities;
Use authentic work-specific documents and materials.
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Two approaches to teach English
English through
English for
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The process of active learning is illustrated by
a Chinese proverb:
Tell me, and I will forget.
Show me,
and I will remember.
Involve me, and I will learn.
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Traditional classroom vs. learner-centered classroom
Non-learner –centered approach
Teacher is
the sole leader;
Teacher takes responsibility for all the paperwork
and organization;
Discipline comes from the teacher;
Students are allowed limited responsibilities;
A few students are the teacher’s helpers.
Learner-centered approach
Leadership is shared;
Students are facilitators for the operations of the classroom;
Discipline comes from students;
Students share in classroom responsibilities
All students have the opportunity to become an integral part of the management of the classroom.
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ESP teachers can use various tools to understand
their learners` field.
Professional profile
Needs analysis
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A professional profile is a description of a
typical person in a given ESP field, and what
that person does on a daily basis in his/her professional life.
A needs analysis is a tool for identifying what a specific learner needs, wants or expects from a language course.
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Why is the needs analysis important?
Helps to focus
training;
Separates the “need to do” from the “want to
do”.
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Gathering Information about target needs
Different ways in which
information can be gathered about needs:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observation
Data collection
Informal consultations
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Remember/knowledge (exhibits previously learned material by recalling
facts, terms, basic concepts and answers).
Key words: define, label,
show, spell, list, match, name, relate, tell, recall, select.
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2.Understand/comprehension (demonstrating understanding of facts and ideas by
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions and stating main
ideas).
Key words: compare, demonstrate, explain, extend, illustrate, translate, summarize, show, classify.
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3.Apply/application (solving problems by applying acquired knowledge, facts,
techniques and rules in a different way).
Key words: apply,
build, choose, develop, interview, make use of, organize, experiment with, plan, select, solve.
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4.Analyze/analysis (examining and breaking information into parts by
identifying motives or causes; making inferences and finding evidence
to support generalizations).
Key words: analyze, categorize, classify, compare, contrast, discover, divide, examine, inspect, simplify, survey.
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5.Evaluate/Synthesis (compiling information together in a different way
by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions).
Key words: build, choose, combine, compile, compose, construct, create, design, develop, estimate, formulate, imagine, invent, make up, originate, plan.
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6.Create/Evaluation (presenting and defending opinions by making judgments
about information, validity of ideas or quality of work
based on a set of criteria).
Key words: award, choose, conclude, criticize, decide, defend, determine, dispute, evaluate, judge, justify, measure, compare, mark, rate.