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Презентация на тему State transition testing technique training

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2. AgendaIntroductionTechniqueExamplesApplicability and LimitationsSummaryQ&ABefore practice startPracticeReferencesQuestions
3. IntroductionWhat is dynamic testing?
4. IntroductionWhat is state transition testing? State transition
5. IntroductionWhat is it used for?- to capture
6. A state transition model has four basic
7. User insert credit card and enters PIN
8. User insert credit card and enters PIN
9. User insert credit card and enters PIN
10. Technique: Multiple Actions
11. Technique: Non-binary conditionsFor cases with non-binary conditions
12. Technique: Sample Test Cases Key Point: Create at least one test case for each rule.
13. Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionsHow many rules does
14. Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionDepending on data specified
15. Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” condition
16. Example 1Referring to the Trade Web page
17. Examples: 1Use “Don’t Care” condition:
18. Examples: 1Further collapsed Table:
19. Examples: 1Prioritized rules:Before deriving TCs from the
20. Applicability and LimitationsDecision Table Testing technique can
21. Applicability and LimitationsThe specification given can be
22. Applicability and LimitationsWhat are some problems with
23. SummaryDecision tables are used to document complex
24. SummaryDecision Table testing is most appropriate for
26. Before practice start…Before deriving test cases, what
27. Before practice start..Look for redundant rules:More rules
28. Practice
29. Practice: 1Create Decision Table to test Patient
30. Answer: 1
31. Practice: 2Following daily activities are available:Go to
32. Answer: 2Impossible combinations cannot cause any actions, so they are marked with dash.
33. Answer: 2After removing impossible combinations we have rules 3,5 and 6 left.
34. Practice: 3Complete a table filling rules and related actions for booking a room.
35. Answer: 3
36. Practice: 4Depending on data specified on the
37. Practice: 4Complete the table with invalid cases.
38. Answer: 4, invalid cases
39. Answer: 4, prioritized rules
40. Practice: 5The following screen is from the
41. Answer: 5, redundant rules
42. Answer: 5, redundant rules
43. Answer: 5, DC condition
44. Answer: 5, DC condition
45. Answer: 5, prioritized rules
46. ReferencesWhat is Decision table in software testing?Testing Guide: Decision table
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AgendaIntroductionTechniqueExamplesApplicability and LimitationsSummaryQ&ABefore practice startPracticeReferencesQuestions

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State transition testing technique training

State Transition Testing Technique TrainingKateryna Dribas

AgendaIntroductionTechniqueExamplesApplicability and LimitationsSummaryQ&ABefore practice startPracticeReferencesQuestions

IntroductionWhat is dynamic testing? What is black

IntroductionWhat is state transition testing? State transition technique is a dynamic black-box

IntroductionWhat is it used for?- to capture certain kinds of system requirements

A state transition model has four basic parts:Techniquethe states that the software

User insert credit card and enters PIN for getting bank account. He

Technique: Non-binary conditionsFor cases with non-binary conditions equivalence classes and boundary value

Technique: Sample Test Cases Key Point: Create at least one test case for each rule.

Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionsHow many rules does a table contain including all

Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionDepending on data specified on the form system applies/doesn’t

Example 1Referring to the Trade Web page of the Brown & Donaldson

Examples: 1Prioritized rules:Before deriving TCs from the table created, prioritize the rules

Applicability and LimitationsDecision Table Testing technique can be used whenever the system

Applicability and LimitationsThe specification given can be converted to a decision table.The

Applicability and LimitationsWhat are some problems with using decision tables?Decision tables do

SummaryDecision tables are used to document complex business rules that a system

SummaryDecision Table testing is most appropriate for programswhere:There is a lot of

State transition testing technique training

Before practice start…Before deriving test cases, what properties shouldthe decision table have?The

Before practice start..Look for redundant rules:More rules than combination count of conditionsActions

Practice: 1Create Decision Table to test Patient Prescription rights. Note, that only

Practice: 2Following daily activities are available:Go to workGo to picnicStay at homeIn

Answer: 2Impossible combinations cannot cause any actions, so they are marked with dash.

Answer: 2After removing impossible combinations we have rules 3,5 and 6 left.

Practice: 3Complete a table filling rules and related actions for booking a room.

Practice: 4Depending on data specified on the form system applies/doesn’t apply a

Practice: 4Complete the table with invalid cases.

Practice: 5The following screen is from the Stateless University Registration System. It

ReferencesWhat is Decision table in software testing?Testing Guide: Decision table

Слайды презентации

Слайд 2 Agenda
Introduction
Technique
Examples
Applicability and Limitations
Summary
Q&A
Before practice start
Practice
References
Questions

Слайд 3 Introduction
What is dynamic testing?

What is black box testing?

What is finite state system?

Dynamic testing: Testing that involves the execution of the software of a component or system.

Black box testing: Method of testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.

Finite state system is any system where user gets a different output for the same input, depending on what has happened before.

Слайд 4 Introduction
What is state transition testing?
State transition technique is

IntroductionWhat is state transition testing? State transition technique is a dynamic

a dynamic black-box testing technique, which is used when

the system is defined in terms of a finite number of states and the transitions between the states is governed by the rules of the system.

Слайд 5 Introduction
What is it used for?
- to capture certain

IntroductionWhat is it used for?- to capture certain kinds of system

kinds of system requirements and to document internal system

design

- to record complex business rules that a system must implement

- can serve as a guide to creating test cases

Слайд 6 A state transition model has four basic parts:
Technique
the

A state transition model has four basic parts:Techniquethe states that the

states that the software may occupy
the transitions from

one state to another
the events that cause a transition
the actions that result from a transition

Слайд 7 User insert credit card and enters PIN for

User insert credit card and enters PIN for getting bank account.

getting bank account. He has 3 tries to enter

validate PIN and to get access to account. After 3rd invalid try the card will be "eaten".

Technique

Слайд 8 User insert credit card and enters PIN for

getting bank account. He has 3 tries to enter

validate PIN and to get access to account. After 3rd invalid try the card will be "eaten".

Technique

Start

Card inserted

Слайд 9 User insert credit card and enters PIN for

getting bank account. He has 3 tries to enter

validate PIN and to get access to account. After 3rd invalid try the card will be "eaten".

Technique

Wait for PIN

1st try

2nd try

3rd try

Access to accout

Eat card

Start

Card inserted

Enter PIN

PIN not OK

PIN OK

Слайд 10 Technique: Multiple Actions

Слайд 11 Technique: Non-binary conditions
For cases with non-binary conditions equivalence

Technique: Non-binary conditionsFor cases with non-binary conditions equivalence classes and boundary

classes and boundary value analysis techniques can be used

along with decision table too.

Слайд 12 Technique: Sample Test Cases
Key Point: Create at

least one test case for each rule.

Слайд 13 Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditions
How many rules does a

Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionsHow many rules does a table contain including

table contain including all the implied rules due to

don't care entries?

Слайд 14 Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” condition
Depending on data specified on

Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” conditionDepending on data specified on the form system

the form system applies/doesn’t apply a discount. Discounts for

male and female are different. In case client has a child in age 0 – 17 years old an additional bonus is provided.

Слайд 15 Technique: “Don’t Care”/”N/A” condition

Слайд 16 Example 1
Referring to the Trade Web page of

Example 1Referring to the Trade Web page of the Brown &

the Brown & Donaldson Web site , consider the

rules associated with a Buy order.

Examples

Слайд 17 Examples: 1
Use “Don’t Care” condition:

Слайд 18 Examples: 1
Further collapsed Table:

Слайд 19 Examples: 1
Prioritized rules:
Before deriving TCs from the table

Examples: 1Prioritized rules:Before deriving TCs from the table created, prioritize the

created, prioritize the rules to start with positive cases,

then negative and only after that with DC conditions.

Слайд 20 Applicability and Limitations
Decision Table Testing technique can be

Applicability and LimitationsDecision Table Testing technique can be used whenever the

used whenever the system must implement complex business rules

which can be represented as a combination of conditions and when these conditions have discrete actions associated with them.

Слайд 21 Applicability and Limitations
The specification given can be converted

Applicability and LimitationsThe specification given can be converted to a decision

to a decision table.
The order in which the predicates

are evaluated does not
affect the interpretation of the rules or resulting action.
The order of rule evaluation has no effect on resulting
action.
Once a rule is satisfied and the action selected, no other rule needs to be examined.
The restrictions do not eliminate many applications:
In most applications, the order in which the predicates are
evaluated is immaterial.
Some specific ordering may be more efficient than some
other but in general the ordering is not inherent in the
program's logic.

Слайд 22 Applicability and Limitations
What are some problems with using

Applicability and LimitationsWhat are some problems with using decision tables?Decision tables

decision tables?
Decision tables do not scale up very well
May

need to:
Use extended entry decision tables
Algebraically simplify tables

Decision tables need to be iteratively refined
The first attempt may be far from satisfactory

Слайд 23 Summary
Decision tables are used to document complex business

SummaryDecision tables are used to document complex business rules that a

rules that a system must implement. In addition, they

serve as a guide to creating test cases.

Conditions represent various input conditions. Actions are processes that should be executed depending on the various combinations of input conditions. Each rule defines a unique combination of conditions that result in the execution of the actions associated with that rule.

Create at least one test case for each rule. If the rule’s conditions are binary, a single test for each combination is probably sufficient. On the other hand, if a condition is a range of values, consider testing at both the low and high end of the range.

Слайд 24 Summary
Decision Table testing is most appropriate for programs
where:
There

SummaryDecision Table testing is most appropriate for programswhere:There is a lot

is a lot of decision making
There are important logical

relationships among input variables
There are calculations involving subsets of input variables
There is complex computation logic (high cyclomatic complexity)
There is a big amount of input data or parameters
There is a need to test specification

Слайд 25

Слайд 26 Before practice start…
Before deriving test cases, what properties

Before practice start…Before deriving test cases, what properties shouldthe decision table

should
the decision table have?
The rules are complete
The rules are

consistent

Every combination of predicate truth values results in only one action or set of actions

Every combination of predicate truth values is in the decision table

Слайд 27 Before practice start..
Look for redundant rules:
More rules than

Before practice start..Look for redundant rules:More rules than combination count of

combination count of conditions
Actions are the same
Too many test

cases
Look for inconsistent rules:
More rules than combination count of conditions
Actions are different for the same conditions
Look for missing rules:
Incomplete table

Слайд 28 Practice

Слайд 29 Practice: 1
Create Decision Table to test Patient Prescription

Practice: 1Create Decision Table to test Patient Prescription rights. Note, that

rights. Note, that only checking ‘Review’ option allows to

check other ones.

Слайд 30 Answer: 1

Слайд 31 Practice: 2
Following daily activities are available:
Go to work
Go

Practice: 2Following daily activities are available:Go to workGo to picnicStay at

to picnic
Stay at home
In case it’s a weekend you

can go to picnic. But, a rain can stop you and force to stay at home.

Complete suggested table filling rules
and related actions for your daily activities.

Слайд 32 Answer: 2
Impossible combinations cannot cause any actions, so

they are marked with dash.

Слайд 33 Answer: 2
After removing impossible combinations we have rules

3,5 and 6 left.

Слайд 34 Practice: 3
Complete a table filling rules and related

actions for booking a room.

Слайд 35 Answer: 3

Слайд 36 Practice: 4
Depending on data specified on the form

Practice: 4Depending on data specified on the form system applies/doesn’t apply

system applies/doesn’t apply a discount. Discounts for male and

female are different. In case client has a child in age 0 – 17 years old an additional bonus is provided.

Слайд 37 Practice: 4
Complete the table with invalid cases.

Слайд 38 Answer: 4, invalid cases

Слайд 39 Answer: 4, prioritized rules

Слайд 40 Practice: 5
The following screen is from the Stateless

Practice: 5The following screen is from the Stateless University Registration System.

University Registration System. It is used to enter new

students into the system, to modify student information, and to delete students from the system. Only one Student Data or Student ID should be entered at once to proceed correct actions.