Презентация на тему Bullous and vesicular dermatoses

includes different diseases on the basis of etiology and

pathogenesis (pemphigus, Duhring’s dermatosis, simple vesicular lichens, herpes zoster, exudative multimorphic erythema).

Its clinical manifestation is the formation of vesicles on

non-inflamed skin and mucous membranes. If not treated the bulloses soon appear on the whole skin. Patients should consult not only dermatologists but also other specialists (physicians, dentists, infectionists). Due to this, the knowledge of this pathology is necessary for all the clinicians to render qualified help to the patients.

theories, in particular, the viral theory but it is

not completely proved. Recently autoimmune processes are considered to be of great importance in the pathogenesis: discovery of antibodies to intercellular substance in the skin, in liquid of the bulloses and in blood serum. In immunofluorescence, in intercellular space of stratum spinosum of epidermis immunoglobulin G is found only in the patients with pemphigus.

differentiated:
pemphigus vulgaris (common) pemphigus vegetans
pemphigus foliaceus (exfoliative)

seborrheal pemphigus

75 per cent of the total number of all

forms of pemphigus

oral and throat mucosa, after which, as a rule,

the skin of the trunk, limbs, inguinal region, axillae, face and external genitals is involved in the process.

form of pemphigus is clinically similar to pemphigus vulgaris

and often starts with the appearance of lesions on the oral mucosa. From the very onset of the disease, however, attention is drawn to the tendency of the bullae to be localized around the natural orifices, the navel and in the region of the large skin folds

exudate are formed later in places of the ruptured

bullae against the background of an eroded surface covered with a dirty film. The lesions tend to coalesce and form large vegetative surfaces at places with purulent necrotic disintegration. Nikolsky's sign is often positive. The dermatosis is accompanied with pain and a sensation of burning. Active movements are difficult because of sharp pain

leading to the formation of superficial fissures directly under

the horny layer, which later turn into bullae.
At the beginning of the disease, flaccid bullae with a thin top and slightly elevated above the surface form on apparently healthy skin. They rupture rapidly with the formation of large erosions. More frequently the tops of the bullae dry up into thin stratified scaly crusts. Epithelization of erosions under the crusts is slow. New portions of the exudate cause the layering of these crusts, producing a scaly surface, hence there is a term 'exfoliative', by which the disease is also known. It is in this variant of pemphigus that the sign described by Nikolsky in 1896 is always sharply positive.

the group of true pemphigus because the possibility of

its development into the foliaceus or vulgaris variant has been authentically proved.

the face and less frequently on the scalp, chest

and back. Closely arranged greasy crusts are formed against an erythematous background and simulate the picture of cicatrizing erythematosis on the face. Moist eroded surfaces are exposed when the crusts are removed. Acantholytic cells are seen in impression smears from these surfaces. The bullae are often formed unnoticeably and the crusts seem to be primary lesions. In other cases vesicles covered with stratified yellowish crusts are formed on the trunk and limbs, in sites characteristic of seborrhea. Lesions rarely occur on the mucous membranes, but if this happens, they are a bad prognostic sign.

with multiform exudative erythema, bullous toxicoderma (Lyell’s syndrome) and

Duhring’s dermatosis

virus and is characterized by eruption of grouped vesicles

filled with a clear and then thick content, on a hyperemic area. The primary sites are the lips (herpes labialis), cheeks (herpes facialis), the wings of the nose (herpes nasalis), oral mucosa (herpes buccalis), cornea (herpes corneae), and genitals (herpes genitalis).

maximum doses (80-100 mg of prednisolone or methylprednisolone, 4‑6 mg

of dexamethasone daily). When new eruptions cease to appear and exudative phenomena in the foci diminishes, the dose of corticosteroids may be reduced, but very slowly (to avoid exacerbation of the process and prevent the 'phenomenon of steroid drug discontinuation').

lotions of Aq. Goulardi and 1-4 per cent silver

nitrate solution, 1-2 per cent pyoktanin (gentian violet) solution, 1-2-3 per cent oxolinum or 30-50 per cent interferon ointment, Bonaphton, gossypol, tebrophenum, 1-3 per cent Florenal ointment, and sulfur-carbolic paste (Ac. carbolici 1.0, Sulfuris 1.5, Pastae Zinci 30.0).

rapid resolution of the few lesions that have erupted;

edematous; accompa­nied with bright hyperemia and marked swelling;
severe;
zosteriform;
frequently recurring; loca­lized on the lips, buttocks, and external genitals.

a lesser extent, reticular degeneration of the epidermal cells

and acantholysis. There are intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in the ballooning cells and dilated blood vessels, edema, and mild perivascular infiltration in the dermal papillary layer.

is caused by a neurotropic filtrable virus Strongiloplasma zonae

which resembles or is identical with the chickenpox virus in antigenic structure and the ability to grow in human embryonic tissues

zoster marked by bilateral and disseminated lesions;
herpes zoster

haemorrhagicus, in which the clear contents of the vesicles turn purulent and then, when the process penetrates deeper into the dermis, become hemorrhagic;
herpes zoster gangraenosus, a severe form, in which the floor of the vesicles undergoes necrosis and scars are formed in their place;
mild form;
bullous form characterized by the appearance of both vesicles and bullae.

cells, intranuclear viral inclusions, and degenerative changes in the

nerve fibres may be seen. Acute inflammatory polymorphonuclear infiltration predominantly of a lymphocyto-histio-cytic character, edema, and dilated blood and lymph vessels are revealed.