Презентация на тему Stylistic use of phraseological units and set expressions

in the process of speech, they exist in the

language as ready made units. They are compiled in special dictionaries. The same as words phraseological units express a single notion and are used in a sentence as one part of it.

seem to belong to the oldest phrase and sentence

patterns in English (as in other languages)

metaphorical, which expresses a basic truth or practical precept,

based on common sense or cultural experience.

given, which is enough for the interlocutor
since the rest

is well-known to him,
e.g.:

"What John can see in that horrid man, I can’t think”. “Birds of a feather... perhaps? ” “Perhaps. If he’s not careful it’ll be a case of “fool and his money...”, I ’m afraid,

remark of wisdom and truth or a general advice.
While

a proverb is characterized by the completeness of thought, a saying is not so completely expressed

which are non-metaphorical. They are understood literally: Better late

than never.
Maxim is a synonym of proverb.
the difference between maxim and proverb is that maxim is a self-evident axiom; a pithy expression of a general principle or rule while proverb is a phrase expressing a basic truth which may be applied to common situations.

or rule of conduct.
A well-known phrase that expresses a

general truth about life or a rule about behavior

observation; sometimes expressed as a short, witty poem.
Example: The

only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it.

and having no author but the people of this

land, epigrams are, as a rule, created by men of letters.

adding an expressive element to speech. To this group

of expressive means
employed in an artistic text, scholars usually refer numerous other set phrases and idioms.

grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings

of the words. Quite a few idioms are language specific, and thus difficult to translate.

so much by being used in the text in

their fixed form, but through their “decomposition”, i.e. breaking them up, or violating their traditional structure.

unit have no independent meaning, but make up the

meaning of the whole combination. So for stylistic purposes writers may either
revive the original independent meaning of a word/words in a phrase, which gives that phrase a fresh understanding or significance (this often results in SDs called zeugma and pun)
attach a continuation to some element of a phraseological unit by means of qualifying it. (the socalled prolongation)

humorous, or sometimes ridiculous, since the writer, as it

were, pretends to understand the phrase literally (i.e. words are used in their primary sense). These are two popular types of intentional violation of set expressions.

1. - He took his leave and hat, (to take one's leave — “say
goodbye” vs to take one’s hat = “to get it with one’s hands”: the
figurative and literal meanings of the verb “to take” are realized
simultaneously) (C. Boyle)

2. - He was reported to have his finger in all the backstairs pies
that went on in the Balkans. (A. Christie)
(The idiom “to Jiave a finger in every pie” (to be involved in everything that is happening) is split by the attribute “all the backstairs” and
then prolonged and turned into a metaphor.)

is a deliberate mixing up or transformation of different

sayings, proverbs, fixed idiomatic expressions and/or making up so called false phraseological coinages. The aim is to play upon words and achieve a humorous effect.